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TIME: Almanac 1995
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TIME Almanac 1995.iso
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052190
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0521008.000
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1993-04-15
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<text id=90TT1293>
<link 90TT3419>
<link 90TT1842>
<title>
May 21, 1990: Albania:And Then There Were None
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
May 21, 1990 John Sununu:Bush' Bad Cop
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
WORLD, Page 37
ALBANIA
And Then There Were None
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Reform comes to Europe's last Stalinist state
</p>
<p> Despite the calendar, the revolutions of 1989 have not yet
ended. As one East bloc regime after another was shaken by
political change last fall, only one Communist government in
Europe managed to withstand the political earthquake unscathed.
Now, nearly six months later, the leadership of tiny Albania
is finally loosening its ultra-orthodox Stalinist grip. Last
week the legislature in Tirana voted a series of political and
legal reforms that may mark the beginning of the end of decades
of repression and isolation.
</p>
<p> The Continent's poorest and most backward country, Albania
is a wedge of Balkan territory on the southern Adriatic coast
between Yugoslavia and Greece. An agrarian land where workers
earn an average wage of $85 a month, the country is as rigid
economically as it is politically. Albania even broke relations
with the Soviet Union in 1961 and China in 1978 after those
powers experimented with early liberalization programs. Since
he succeeded the late dictator Enver Hohxa in 1985, President
Ramiz Alia, 65, has only gradually modified the most egregious
of his predecessor's restrictive policies.
</p>
<p> The laws approved at last week's two-day session of the
250-member People's Assembly are something different. In its
most symbolic decree, the legislature announced that for the
first time since the Communist takeover in 1944, Albanians
would have the right to travel abroad freely. Although many of
the country's citizens are too poor to go anywhere, the
previous restrictions rankled. The new ruling also apparently
means that Albanian emigres will have the right to go home on
visits, and thousands are already making plans to do so. In
addition, the Assembly abolished a 24-year-old ban on religious
practices, which presumably will mean the reopening of Islamic
mosques as well as Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches
that have been used in the Communist era as everything from
museums to sports clubs.
</p>
<p> Taking important legal steps, the government reestablished
the Ministry of Justice, which had been abolished in 1966, and
put an Alia aide in charge of it. Suspected criminals were
granted the right to an attorney from the time of arrest, and
the number of capital offenses was reduced from 34 to eleven.
Says Nicholas Pano, an Albanian specialist at Western Illinois
University: "Albania is serious about shedding its Stalinist
heritage."
</p>
<p> Behind the announcement of domestic reforms is President
Alia's desire to re-establish Albania's long-dormant relations
with most of the outside world. Deputy Prime Minister Manush
Myftiu told last week's legislative session, for example, that
the government wants to join the 35-nation Conference on
Security and Cooperation in Europe. Before it could have done
that, however, it had to endorse some of CSCE's basic
human-rights requirements, including freedom of travel and
other civil rights guarantees. Even the United Nations is
looking anew at Albania: Secretary-General Javier Perez de
Cuellar made his first visit to Tirana last week. In Washington
a State Department spokeswoman has declared optimistically that
"the door is open to the resumption of diplomatic relations"
between the U.S. and Albania. Though the process has only
begun, it seems clear that last year's political tremors
accomplished what decades of isolation failed to do: convince
Tirana that it is time to come in from the cold.
</p>
<p>By Sally B. Donnelly. Reported by Cathy Booth/Rome.
</p>
<p>OPENING MOVES
</p>
<p> The Albanian People's Assembly last week:
</p>
<p>-- granted all citizens the right to travel abroad.
</p>
<p>-- abolished restrictions on the practice of religion.
</p>
<p>-- allowed all suspects the right to an attorney.
</p>
<p>-- called for membership in the 35-nation Conference on
Security and Cooperation in Europe.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>